Класна робота для дистанційного навчання

11 Form. Attention!

Classwork for Monday, 16.03.20: 

I. Read and translate the text

Science and Technology

In recent years life on our planet has been drastically changed due to scientific and technological developments. Our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the Universe as a whole have changed as well.

Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn, technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.

Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques to make their lives easier.

Of course, when we speak of technology today, we are looking at it in a much narrower sense. Generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. According to one estimate, 90 % of all the scientists who ever lived, were alive and active in the 1970-s. This increased scientific activity has brought new ideas, processes, and inventions in ever-growing amount.

The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it was not until the 19th century that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. In a sense, the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.

Words:

drastically ['dræstɪkəlɪ] – рішуче, радикально

be closely related [rɪleɪtɪd] – бути тісно пов’язаними

apply [ə'plaɪ] – застосовувати

application [æplɪ'keɪʃən] – застосування

an advance in pure science [pjʊə] – прогрес в теоретичній (чистій) науці

an instrument for investigation [ɪnvestɪ'geɪʃən] – інструмент дослідження

research [rɪ's ə:ʧ] – дослідження, науково-дослідна робота

alter ['ɔ:ltə] – змінювати, вносити зміни

power-driven machines – парові машини

according to one estimate ['estɪmeɪt] відповідно до одного оцінювання

increased scientific activity – збільшена наукова діяльність

II. Form the verbs from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian: development, relation, application, knowledge, investigation, discovery, improvement, production, invention.

III. Translate the words of the same root; define what part of speech they belong to:

science – scientist – scientific; develop – developer – development; nucleus – nuclei – nuclear; apply – applied – application; accurate – accuracy; invent – inventor – invention; power – powerful – powerless; produce – product – production – productive.

IV. Match the adjectives and the nouns:

adjectives	nouns
scientific technological narrow nuclear industrial revolutionary pure accurate new important	sense developments discoveries power opportunities science revolution technology instruments activity

V. Translate the words given in brackets.

1. In recent years our /погляди/ of the Universe have drastically changed.
2. Modern technology /залежить від/ advances in pure science.
3. Technology provides science with more /точні/ instruments for research.
4. /Протягом усієї людської історії/ people invented tools, machines, materials and technologies.
5. Modern technology began growth of the factory system and /масове виробництво товарів/.
6. /Тільки в 19 столітті/ that technology began to build on the work of scientists.

VI. Put questions to the subjects of the sentences. Give short answers.

1. Scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet.
2. Science and technology are closely related.
3. Many modern technologies depend on science.
4. Technology provides science with new and accurate instruments.
5. Men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques.
6. We say that we live in an age of science and technology.
7. Industrial technology began about 200 years ago.

VII. Answer the following questions:

1. What role has scientific and technological development played in man’s life?
2. What proves that science and technology are closely related today?
3. What does the term technology refer to?
4. What does the term industrial technology mean?
5. How is scientific activity in 1970-s estimated?
6. When did science and technology begin to work together?
7. How can the history of mankind be described?

VIII. Make up sentences of your own with the following word combinations: to change life; to alter the environment; to be closely related; to apply scientific knowledge; to create new opportunities; to satisfy needs and desires; to improve one’s life.